What is the difference between the final, finally, and finalize keywords in Java?

The final, finally, and finalize keywords in Java are used in different contexts and have different functionalities:

1. final: The final keyword is used to declare a constant variable, a method that cannot be overridden, or a class that cannot be subclassed.

   • Final variables: When a variable is declared as final, its value cannot be changed once assigned.
   • Final methods: When a method is declared as final, it cannot be overridden by any subclass.
   • Final classes: When a class is declared as final, it cannot be extended (subclassed) by any other class.

2. finally: The finally keyword is used in exception handling to specify a block of code that will be executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or caught. The finally block will always be executed, even if there is an exception or a return statement in the try or catch block. It is commonly used to release resources, close database connections, or perform cleanup activities.

3. finalize: The finalize() method is a special method that is called by the Java garbage collector before an object is garbage collected. It is used to perform any necessary cleanup or finalization actions for an object before it is destroyed. Note that the finalize() method is rarely used in modern Java applications, as it is generally recommended to use try-with-resources or other explicit resource management techniques.

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To summarize:

• final: used to declare a constant, a method that cannot be overridden, or a class that cannot be subclassed.
• finally: used in exception handling to specify a block of code that will always be executed.
• finalize: a special method called by the garbage collector before an object is destroyed, used for cleanup and finalization actions.
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In Java, final is a keyword used to declare a variable constant, meaning its value cannot be changed once initialized. finally is a keyword used in exception handling to define a block of code that is always executed, regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. finalize is a method in the Object class that is called by the garbage collector before reclaiming an object's memory, allowing the object to perform any necessary cleanup actions. In summary, final is used for constants, finally for exception handling, and finalize for garbage collection-related cleanup.
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